| ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨᠴᠤᠳ᠂ | ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨᠡ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ | ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠮᠦ᠋ᠩᠬᠡ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡᠢ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ | ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨᠤᠨ | ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠨᠢᠪᠴᠦ᠋ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃《西域图志》 ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ16 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠩᠬᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠬᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠩᠭᠦᠰ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ | ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 8 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ《 ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ《 ᠤᠷᠠᠳ》 | ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠲᠦ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠭᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ | ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ《 ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ》᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ《 ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ》᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ《 ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ》 ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤᠳ ᠡᠶᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ1895 ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ᠂37 ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠲᠦ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠣᠨᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃15 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠭᠠᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠳ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄《 | ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ》 ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨᠤᠳ ᠂᠂᠂᠂ ᠪᠠ《 ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ》 ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠳ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ | ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ | ᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ | ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠳᠬᠠᠨ | ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ |